vulkan: Refactor vk_queue to use per-instance mutexes and unique handles (#23570)

• Refactor vk_queue to use per-instance mutexes and unique handles

• integrates VK_KHR_internally_synchronized_queues, abstracting the queue submission into a polymorphic interface that completely bypasses host-side mutex locking when driver-side synchronization is supported

• fix compilation error

• fix duplicate pNext chain for VkPhysicalDeviceInternallySynchronizedQueuesFeaturesKHR

• add fallback defines for VK_KHR_internally_synchronized_queues

• add null checks for queues in vk_device_struct destructor

• use unique_ptr for outer queues to enforce exclusive ownership and optimize lifetime

• use static constexpr for eInternallySynchronizedKHR

• add lock guard to ggml_vk_create_aliased_queue for thread safety

• initialize sync_query_features.internallySynchronizedQueues to VK_FALSE

• reuse sync_query_features for internallySynchronizedQueues and simplify chaining

• refactor internallySynchronizedQueues detection

• fix internallySynchronizedQueues query guard

• use eInternallySynchronizedKHR constant

• fix self-referential alias for eInternallySynchronizedKHR

• use macro for eInternallySynchronizedKHR fallback

• fix internallySynchronizedQueues query timing in ggml-vulkan.cpp to prevent device creation mismatch

• reset sync_query_features.pNext before reusing in device creation chain, also removed the redundant second probe call

• refactor internally synchronized queues detection to use chained feature query and avoid redundant API calls

• Update ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz [email protected]

• Update ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz [email protected]

• Update ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz [email protected]

• Update ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz [email protected]

• Update ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz [email protected]

• Update ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/ggml-vulkan.cpp

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz [email protected]

• rename sync_enable_features to internally_synchronized_queues_features

• queue_flags is still computed before has_internally_synchronized_queues is set

• fix trailing whitespace

• replace eInternallySynchronizedKHR macro with static constexpr

• preserve source queue semantics in single-queue aliased transfer queue

• vulkan: fix cmd_pool access via pointer for compute_queue unique_ptr

• vulkan: lock queue during debug label emission when not internally synchronized

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bolz [email protected]