vulkan: Fix memory logger unsafe iterator access (#23667)

macOS/iOS:

• macOS Apple Silicon (arm64)
• macOS Apple Silicon (arm64, KleidiAI enabled) DISABLED
• macOS Intel (x64)
• iOS XCFramework

Linux:

• Ubuntu x64 (CPU)
• Ubuntu arm64 (CPU)
• Ubuntu s390x (CPU)
• Ubuntu x64 (Vulkan)
• Ubuntu arm64 (Vulkan)
• Ubuntu x64 (ROCm 7.2)
• Ubuntu x64 (OpenVINO)
• Ubuntu x64 (SYCL FP32) DISABLED

Android:

• Android arm64 (CPU)

Windows:

• Windows x64 (CPU)
• Windows arm64 (CPU)
• Windows x64 (CUDA 12) - CUDA 12.4 DLLs
• Windows x64 (CUDA 13) - CUDA 13.3 DLLs
• Windows x64 (Vulkan)
• Windows x64 (SYCL) DISABLED
• Windows x64 (HIP)

openEuler:

• DISABLED
• openEuler x86 (310p)
• openEuler x86 (910b, ACL Graph)
• openEuler aarch64 (310p)
• openEuler aarch64 (910b, ACL Graph)

UI:

• UI